Introduction
Mathematics is an important subject that helps children develop logic, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills. In third grade, students begin to learn deeper math concepts, such as larger arithmetic manipulations, to learn measurements for geometric morphology recognition.
This lesson not only helps you count numbers, but also helps you in everyday life. B. Counting pocket money, measuring the length of objects, and reading time.
1. Understanding Numbers and Place Value
In third grade, students are invited to better understand the concept of numbers and the correct way to read and write numbers.
• Whole Numbers and Place Value
Children learn about whole numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, and so on) and the importance of place value in numbers. Here is the explanation:
– Units: The number located in the rightmost position (for example 1, 2, 3, and so on).
– Tens: The number located in the second position from the right (for example: 10, 20, 30, and so on).
– Hundreds: The number located in the third position from the right (such as 100, 200, 300, and so on).
For example, let’s look at the number 325:
– The number 5 is in the units position.
– The number 2 is in the tens position.
– The number 3 is in the hundreds position.
• Comparing Numbers
In addition, students also learn how to compare numbers using symbols, such as:
– > (greater than)
An example is in the comparison of the numbers 32 and 76.
2. Basic Arithmetic Operations
In grade 3, students become more proficient in using four basic arithmetic operations, namely:
• Addition
Children learn to add numbers up to hundreds, for example:
o 125 + 234 = 359
They are also introduced to the method of stacked addition to make the calculation process easier.
• Subtraction
Students begin to learn to subtract large numbers, such as:
o 450 – 215 = 235
The technique of borrowing numbers is introduced to help them subtract numbers more effectively.
• Multiplication
They begin to memorize the multiplication table from 1 to 10 and practice multiplication in series. For example:
o 23 × 4 = 92
• Division
Children are taught to divide simple numbers, for example:
o 84 ÷ 4 = 21
Division is introduced as the opposite of multiplication, so that students can understand it more easily.
3. Understanding Units of Time, Length, and Weight
Mathematics plays an important role in helping students understand the various units of measurement that are useful in everyday life. Here is an explanation of the units of time, length, and weight:
• Units of Time
Children are taught how to read a clock and calculate time. They learn that:
– 1 hour is equal to 60 minutes
– 1 day consists of 24 hours
In addition, they also understand how to calculate duration. For example, if it is now 2 pm, then 3 hours later it will be 5 pm.
• Units of Length
Students learn about various units of length, including:
– Centimeters (cm)
– Meters (m)
– Kilometers (km)
For example:
– The length of a pencil is 15 cm
– The distance from home to school is 2 km
• Units of Weight
They also learn about units of weight, such as:
– Grams (g)
– Kilograms (kg)
Examples of its use:
– The weight of a book is 300 g
– The weight of a watermelon reaches 2 kg
With this understanding, students can more easily adapt to the measurements they often encounter in everyday life.
4. Understanding Plane and Spatial Shapes
In grade 3 of elementary school, students are introduced to the concept of geometry, which includes the introduction of various forms of plane and spatial shapes.
• Plane Shapes
Children learn about various types of plane shapes, such as:
o Square (four sides of equal length)
o Rectangle (two long sides and two short sides)
o Triangle (three sides)
o Circle (no sides)
They also learn how to calculate circumference and area in a simple way:
o Perimeter of a square = 4 × side length
o Area of a square = side length × side length
• Space Shapes
In addition, children begin to recognize space shapes, such as:
o Cube (six sides in the shape of a square)
o Block (six sides in the shape of a rectangle)
o Ball (no sides)
They are taught to distinguish these shapes from objects around them, for example:
o Cube: Dice
o Block: Milk carton
o Ball: Soccer ball
5. Solving Simple Problems
Mathematics in grade 3 of elementary school also trains children to solve story problems, for example:
• Addition Problems
Siti has 25 apples, then bought another 30 apples. How many apples does Siti have in total?
o Answer: 25 + 30 = 55 apples
• Subtraction Problem
Budi has 50 candies and gives 20 candies to his friend. How many candies are left?
o Answer: 50 – 20 = 30 candies
With this story problem, students learn to apply arithmetic operations in real situations, honing their logic.
Conclusion
Learning math in 3rd grade is more than just memorizing numbers; it is an opportunity to practice logical thinking, problem solving, and understanding important concepts such as measurement, plane figures, and time. With a mastery of these math basics, children will be better prepared for more complex lessons at the next level. Let’s encourage them to keep learning and not be afraid of numbers.